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It's in Portuguese. I have used Google translator and the following is the result for you--hope this helps.
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Pray
ABSTRACT
THE IMPORTANCE OF COLLABORATIVE WEB ENVIRONMENT 2.0. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE POTENTIAL USE collaborative hipertext writing on wikis tools. REFLECTIONS ON THE EVOLUTION OF WEB 1.0 FOR THE SECOND GENERATION OF INTERNET SERVICES, KNOWN AS WEB 2.0. RELATES TO THE GENERALITY OF TRADITIONAL TYPES OF DOCUMENTS (encyclopedias, books and dictionaries) WITH NEW MEDIA WEB 2.0 APPLICATIONS RESULTING Like Wikipedia, Wikibooks and WIKTIONARIES.
Web 2.0 is a term coined in 2004 by the American company O'Reilly Media [1] to designate a second generation of communities and Web-based services platform, such as wikis, folksonomy-based applications and social networks. Although the term has a connotation of a new version to the Web, it refers not to update the technical specifications, but a change in how it is viewed by users and developers.
Some technology experts such as Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, they argue that the term is meaningless because it uses many Web 2.0 technology components created even before the emergence of the Web [2]. Some critics also claim that this term is just a marketing ploy (buzzword) [3].
Brief history
The term Web 2.0 was first used in October 2004 by O'Reilly Media and MediaLive International as the name of a series of conferences on the subject, gaining popularity rapidly since then. This was a finding that the companies that managed to keep the Internet through the crisis had common characteristics between them, which created a series of concepts grouped together forming what we call Web 2.0.
Conceptualization
The concept presented in this article follows the principles dictated by Tim O'Reilly. Conceptualization of an article (and defense) of the term Web 2.0. Tim [4] states that:
"Web 2.0 is the shift towards Internet as a platform, and an understanding of the rules for success in this new platform. Among others, the most important rule is to develop applications that leverage network effects to become better the more they are used by people , using the collective intelligence "
The rules referred to O'Reilly already been discussed before the emergence of the term under other names like infoware [5], the Internet operating system [6] and the open source paradigm shift [7] and are the product of a consensus between companies like Google, Amazon, Yahoo and Microsoft Web and scholars (as Tim O'Reilly [8], Vincent Cerf [9] and Tim Berners-Lee [10]) and the consolidation of what is really the result on the Internet. According to Tim O'Reilly, the most important rule is to develop applications that leverage the network effects become better the more they are used by people taking advantage of collective intelligence.
Rules
O'Reilly suggests some rules [11] that help to define succinctly the Web 2.0:
The perpetual beta - do not treat the software as an artifact, but as a process of engagement with its users.
Small pieces loosely joined - open your data and services to be reused by others. Reuse data and other services whenever possible.
Software above the level of a single device - do not consider applications that are client or server, but to develop applications that are in the space between them.
Law of Conservation of Profits, Clayton Christensen - remember that in a networked environment, APIs (Application Programming Interface) open and standard protocols win, but that does not mean that the idea of competitive advantage disappears.
Databases are the new "Intel inside", either by increasing the return on data generated by the user, owning a name or by proprietary file formats.
Web 2.0 and programming
Began to develop software that are used by the Internet and not sold in packages but as services, paid monthly as a water bill. Additionally, he moved to make way for software. For everything to work well on the Internet, it took the union of various technologies (like AJAX) that would make the user experience richer, with interfaces fast and very easy to use.
Was defined so that the simpler and modular programming is, the better. It is easy to take away or add functionality or share a part of your software with other software. The modules can be reused in different software to be used or shared by third-party programs. Methodologies and concepts such as Getting Real and Agile has become popular among companies that develop applications called "Web 2.0".
Under these principles, the software was developed so they get better the more they are used because users can help improve them. For example, when a user evaluates a news story, it helps to know which software is the best news. Likewise, when a user organizes information using a markup, it helps the software to deliver information more organized.
User interfaces
Web 2.0 offers a user experience similar to desktop applications, often using a combination of emerging technologies in the late 1990s, which include Web services APIs (1998), AJAX (1998), Web syndication (1997) , among others. These technologies have increased the speed and usability of Web applications, accounting for a significant increase in the content (collaborative or merely expository) on the Internet. They also allowed ordinary users, who until then had no knowledge required to publish content on the Internet - the lack of tools to use simplified - publish and consume information quickly and consistently. In particular, there are the blogs and wikis as exponents of this mass. Also allowed the development of rich interfaces, complete and functional, and some Web applications, still in beta, is considered by many as "online desktops", providing the user with a desktop based entirely on the www accessible from any computer with internet connection.
In particular ways, AJAX allows the user does not expect to reload a Web page or the process to be completed to continue using the software. Each piece of information is processed separately, asynchronously, so that is no longer necessary to reload the page with every click.
The Web is the platform, a software service
Web 2.0 Internet software work, not only installed on the local computer, so that multiple programs can be integrated into a large platform. For example, your contacts from e-mail program can be used in the program agenda, or you can create a new event in calendar through e-mail program. Programs run as services instead of selling them in packages. These services may be charged a monthly payment, as your water bill.
Another concept of Web 2.0 that interferes with the programming called "perpetual beta". Web 2.0 is just the release cycles of programs. The programs are corrected, altered and improved all the time, and you participate in this process by giving suggestions, reporting errors and taking advantage of ongoing improvements. As opposed to what happens with traditional software, in boxes, with installers and dependent on an operating system, Web applications can be updated constantly, linear and independent of the action of the end user. In the case of security updates and performance, for example, the user of the application would be granted immediately without even aware of.
Web 2.0 programs are opened, or a part of the program can be used by anyone to do another program. APIs are used to let other sites use parts of their data in their services. Instead of big servers providing a huge amount of files, Web 2.0 was found on P2P networks, in which each user is a file server and files are exchanged directly between them.
Web 2.0 and content
The content of the website also has a huge impact with Web 2.0, giving the user the opportunity to participate, usually generating and organizing information. Even when the content is not generated by users, it can be enriched through feedback, evaluation, or customization.
Some Web 2.0 applications allow you to customize the content displayed to each user in the form of personal page, allowing you to filter the information he considers relevant.
The concept used is comparable with that of the free software if there are many people watching, all errors are easily corrected. For this there are communities that are self-temper, through the participation of users to the system indicating which user should no longer participate in the community.
Within the principles of Web 2.0 content must be open, using licenses like Creative Commons that more flexible approach to copyright allowing the user to reuse (republishing, altering or collaborating) content. Sharing information should give the user the possibility to reuse it.
In addition to news and editorial content, Web 2.0 content from some sites is intended to generate community, whether through social networking sites, either through comments on news stories and blogs.
Tag's no taxonomy: the user organize the content.
The organization of the content is also made by the user in the form of tags (folksonomy), as opposed to a taxonomy system. For example, the application del.icio.us to save and share favorite links up with the concept of marking content. Instead of creating folders and pre-defined categories for the user to choose from, each user can define a keyword for a particular content, so the more users score the content, it will be better organized.
Consumer-Generated Media (CGM)
Consumer-Generated Media (CGM) and consumer-generated media is a term used to describe the content that is created and disseminated by the consumers themselves. With the advent of the Internet and the advance of digital technology, just as consumers' access to information has significantly increased, also increased the ease of consumers to express their opinions.
On the Internet is present in the CGM reviews, forums, mailing lists, blogs and fotologs, communities, groups, participatory sites, YouTube, Wikipedia's own. Consumers use all available tools (Messenger, websites, blogs, email, messaging, mobile phones etc..) Disclose to, above all, their personal experiences and opinions on products, services, brands, companies, news, etc..
So how did the word-of-mouth, CGM tends to have a greater influence over other consumers than traditional means (TV, radio, newspapers), they tend to spend more credibility. The difference is that with the available technology, the impact of CGM is much larger than the "mouth to mouth."
Some companies are already encouraging the practice of CGM along to consumers. Others are to hire specialized companies to research what consumers are going to comment on your brand, product or service.
New ways of generating profit
New forms of earning money on the internet. One is called the longtail. A store can have a great catalog full of items that sell little and not worth it for common premises that have a high maintenance cost to keep the product on the shelf. But it is precisely because they are hard to find in stores these common items are more precious to those who like them.
Therefore, the sales model in web 2.0 should have a system to make people discover these unique items in the catalog - for example, "people who buy this CD also bought ...". The sale of many items that individually sell little financial return brings more sales of products that sell well individually.
Another way to earn money for the new Internet is the use of software as services. These are programs that run through the Internet and are paid monthly. Besides these two, there are others such as the sale of the contents of a site that was generated by users, the sale of information used to make a program (eg aerial photos which are used in Google Maps) and selling advertising space where paid only when the user clicks the ad, etc..
Marketing and Advertising
The marketing and online advertising has also changed a lot with web 2.0. Now the company has not only must communicate, she must learn to interact. Advertising is no longer a one-way street, where the company sends a message that the consumer receives. Since the Internet is made of people, advertising requires the relationship between company employees and their customers (they also each other).
This includes a new concept called performance marketing. In this new concept, you hire the service of marketing and only pay for results you receive. Anything just to be on the internet not getting out of it, now all the action online should be interesting from the standpoint of return on investment.
Moreover, the old forms of online advertising campaigns have given way to where you only pay for clicks that your banner receives marketing through sponsored links on search engines, optimizing websites for search engines and viral marketing (it's a form of communication that, when successful, it impacts a large number of consumers. But it is a technique that prioritizes the uncertainty on the result).
Journalism
The impact of internet on business and journalistic practices were made possible with the popularization of Web 2.0. The involvement of ordinary citizens, once considered mere readers, the publishing and newspaper content is becoming an increasingly common practice. The trend is attributed to the concept of Participatory Journalism, Citizen Journalism, or even Open-Source Journalism.
One of the most representative sites this trend is Digg - American site that collects links to news, podcasts and videos uploaded by the users and evaluated by them. It combines social bookmarking, blog and feed. It is very popular so that the most acclaimed news community reach it at more than 1000 votes (diggs). It is part of network of sites belonging to Web 2.0.
Their stories are basically divided into six categories: Technology, Science, World & Business, Sports, Entertainment and Gaming. By allowing the direct influence of the public in the hierarchy of information, this mechanism brings innovations to the traditional journalistic editing, characterized by the centrality of the figure editor.
Critical
Many developers and experts disagree with the term, concept and ideas surrounding the term Web 2.0. In particular submit that the concept is too broad, subjective, vague and comprehensive [12], and there is no new Web 2.0 technology, concepts or ideas. These critics argue that there is a second generation of web applications, just a natural evolution, mainly promoted by the great increase in the number of broadband users and the Internet itself [13] - once the web application. For many, the term Web 2.0 is just a marketing ploy, a buzzword [14] [15], crafted by companies and professionals interested in a new round of business and high-risk investments [16] (and questionable results) such as those that preceded the so-called bubble burst.
Among the criticisms of Web 2.0 concepts may be cited:
Collaborative content and / or participatory
Own blogs and Wikipedia are often referred to as icons of Web 2.0. However participatory and collaborative interfaces have existed since the Internet was in its infancy (the birthplace of the universities). Lists and discussion forums - even the Usenet - are earlier examples of collaboration and participation. In 1995, GeoCities (now owned by Yahoo) offer space and tools so that any user in layman build your website and publish their ideas on the Internet [17]. The online retailer Amazon since its launch (in 1995) allows your customers and visitors to post comments and information about various books that are sold in the store. Amazon has already suggested related products ("people who buy this CD also bought ...") as a way to win even more with the operation. In 1998 Yahoo launched the MyYahoo!, Allowing the home page of the site was organized and customized (with stories, colors and so on) individually. Thus participatory content and / or collaborative work would not be a revolutionary new idea that emerged in Web 2.0. Instead, these would be one of the oldest pillars of the Internet, allowing virtually any individual or company, publish and share information across the network.
The Internet as a platform
Still in mid-1990 Sun Microsystems introduced and patented the slogan "The Network Is The Computer", showing its intent and commercial positioning in making the Internet "a" platform for any existing computer system (the slogan reinforces the promises of interoperability, portability of the Java platform language (programming language) - "Write once, run everywhere"). Even in the late 90s, began to develop patterns of interaction between Internet applications, so that the so-called B2B transactions could be performed in a standardized manner. The term Web services and SOAP have gained strength and became popular, and later standardized by the W3C in 2001 [18]. In 2002, Amazon, Google and several major players have developed and published APIs so that programmers around the world could integrate their services with these companies. P2P networks emerged and became a bestseller long before hearing about Web 2.0. In the case of P2P networks, cite the popular Napster icon of this "revolution" in 1998. Examples are numerous (through control systems personnel), financial (exchange), weather, etc..
New Technologies
While the term AJAX was first used in 2005, the technologies that include the term began in the late 90's, the generation of browsers "4" (Internet Explorer 4.0 and Netscape Navigator 4.0), which introduced support Remote Scripting techniques. With the release of version 5.0 of Internet Explorer in 2000, and the stagnation of Netscape Navigator (which later had its leading open source Firefox), Microsoft unveiled an elegant way to remote scripting with XMLHttpRequest. Thus far only the concept evolved, gaining strength and notoriety lately. Languages and frameworks for rapid development of web (RAD) existed before Web 2.0. You can quote the language of Allaire ColdFusion (1995) and Fusebox (1998) [19]. The syndication of content (known today by the RSS), since in the past called "content push" was known to users of Internet Explorer 4.0 and service of Active Channels. News agencies like Reuters have used exchange systems between content and news agencies and news consumers long before the advent of Web 2.0, these systems were also the forerunners of today's standards. The XML itself dates from 1997. The portability of mobile systems (the so-called "convergence") is an old speech, which long predates Web 2.0, and that was always in constant evolution, which dates from the first initial step in mobile devices, whether mobile or PDAs
Changes in marketing
Critics argue that there was no significant change in marketing policy in the Internet. They said the money for marketing activities is still generated the same way: via advertising. As an example: most of its profits come from Google ads tied to search queries and Web sites that use its services [20]. Concepts such as viral marketing are very old, and her bond with the target of an Internet book (Idea Virus) Seth Godin also in 2001. Companies advertising on the Web (eg DoubleClick) already use pay per return before the advent of the term Web 2.0. Even Google's AdSense and AdWords services are not new [21] [22], derived from companies that were already active on the Internet before Google (Applied Semantics - bought by Google in 2003 and Goto / Overture was acquired by Yahoo [23]) .
As a result, to date there is no consensus on what exactly is Web 2.0 [24], and definitions vary to include certain features / concepts according to the understanding of each specialist. This vagueness is also due to the fact that Web 2.0 is not an object, a product nor a brand, although there is one or more patent applications under the term, but a relatively new concept. [Citation needed]
To finally resolve these issues, some experts suggest the use of the term webware, relating these to real Internet applications software online.
Notes
1. ↑ Brady Forrest. Controversy about our "Web 2.0" service mark (English). Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
2. ↑ Scott Laningham. developerWorks Interviews: Tim Berners-Lee (English). Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
3. ↑ Jon Brodkin. Web 2.0: Buzzword, or Internet revolution? (English). Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
4. ↑ On December 10, 2006, Tim O'Reilly has conceptualized what Web 2.0 is in this post to your blog. Since then, it has become a better, more concise definition of the term. A more complete definition and the oldest is in his article: What Is Web 2.0?.
5. ↑
www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/tim.html
6. ↑
www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/1262
7. ↑ tim.oreilly.com/articles/paradigmshift_0504.html
8. ↑ w2br.com/2006/12/12/regras-que-definem-a-web-20
9. ↑ The Associated Press. The father of the Internet rethinks the network. Retrieved on June 2, 2007.
10. ↑
www.readwriteweb.com/archives/berners-lee_disses_web20.php
11. ↑ radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web_20_compact.html
12. ↑ Tim Berners-Lee on Web 2.0: "nobody even knows what it means"
13. ↑ Utilizadors broadband double in Brazil in two years
14. ↑ That Won The enzyme
15. ↑ The Immorality of Web 2.0 (English)
16. ↑ Bubble 2.0 (in English). The Economist (22/12/2005)
17. ↑ History of GeoCities - in English
18. ↑
www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
19. ↑ en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Fusebox_% 29% 28programming
20. ↑ investor.google.com / fin_data.html
21. ↑ en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Google_AdSense # History
22. ↑ en.wikipedia.org / wiki / AdWord # History
23. ↑ Wikipedia. Yahoo Search Marketing - Origins of Goto.com. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
24. ↑ Andrew Orlowski. Web 2.0: It's ... like your brain on LSD! (English). Retrieved on July 2, 2007.